Summary: Text of a lecture delivered on 16th March 2009 with three sections: (1) feminism-as-imperialism or conversations ‘through’ Afghan women; (2) donor-driven gender activism: engineering gender equality and (3) internal struggles and uneasy compromises addressing the sharp internal debates in Afghanistan involving parliamentarians, clerics, bureaucrats, the media and local NGOs concerning the acceptability of the rights agenda pushing to expand women’s constitutional, political and civic rights.